Modul gerunziu (the gerund mood)

Modul gerunziu (The Gerund Mood)

Este un substantiv verbal, si seamana ca forma cu participiul.

His coming was expected. = Venirea lui era asteptata.

Seeing is believing. = Faptul de a vedea (vazutul) inseamna a crede.

Acest substantiv verbal apare de obicei dupa verbe cu prepozitii ca :

to accuse of = a acuza de

He was accused of being late. = A fost acuzat de intarziere.

We accuse him of having committed a crime. = Il acuzam pentru comiterea unei crime.

to be afraid of = a se teme de

They were afraid of coming across a tiger. = Se temeau sa nu dea peste un tigru.

to be astonished at a fi uimit/uluit de

Were you astonished at seeing the shark ? = Erati uimiti la vederea rechinului ?

to be aware of = a-si da seama de, a fi constient de

We were aware of John's being cleverer than Nick. = Eram constienti de faptul ca John era mai destept decat Nick.

to be fond of = a fi amator de

He is fond of swimming and fishing. = Este amator de inot si pescuit.

to be good at = a fi bun/priceput la

Tom is good at driving cars. = Tom este bun/priceput la conducerea masinilor.

to be impressed by = a fi impresionat de

Everybody was impressed by his scoring the goal. = Toti erau impresionati de inscrierea golului de catre el.

to be interested in a-l interesa

He is interested in learning English. = Il intereseaza invatarea limbii engleze.

to be proud of = a fi mandru de

Are you proud of your son's winning the prize ? = Esti mandru de castigarea premiului de catre fiul tau ?

to be satisfied with = a fi multumit de

We are satisfied with winning the prize. = Suntem multumiti de castigarea premiului.

to appologize for a-si cere iertarea pentru

You must appologize to him for not replying to his letter. = Trebuie sa-ti ceri iertarea de la el pentru a nu-i fi raspuns la scrisoare.

to begin by = a incepe prin a

I ought to begin by thanking you for = Se cuvine sa incep prin a-ti multumi pentru

to complain of a se plange de

We are complaining of having such bad weather. = Ne plangem (de faptul) ca avem o vreme asa de proasta.

to contribute to a contribui la

He contributed to our winning the prize. = El a contribuit la castigarea premiului de catre noi.

to be crazy about a fi nebun/mort/topit dupa

John is crazy about fishing. = John este nebun dupa pescuit.

to count (up) on = to rely on a se baza / bizui pe = a conta pe

You can count/rely on our helping you. = Poti sa te bazezi/bizuiesti pe faptul ca noi te ajutam.

to depend on/upon a depinde de

Does everything depend on his winning a scholarship ? = Depinde totul de castigarea unei burse de catre el ?

to forgive for = a ierta pentru

We forgive you for your being late. =Te iertam pentru intarzierea ta.

to insist on = a insista asupra

Need you insist on her writing her homework ? = Este nevoie sa insisti asupra scrierii temei sale de catre ea ?

to long for a tanji dupa

We are longing for a short holiday. = Tanjim dupa o scurta vacanta.

to prevent from = a impiedica / preveni sa

You must prevent your son from making mistakes. = Trebuie sa-l previi pe fiul tau sa nu faca greseli.

to refer to a se referi la

Did he refer to his coming to see us ? = S-a referit el la venirea lui pe la noi ?

to resort to a recurge la

He mustn't resort to stealing however poor he were. = El nu trebuie sa recurga la furat oricat de sarac ar fi.

to be sated with a fi satul / dezgustat de

We aren't sated with fishing and swimming, are we ? = Noi nu suntem plictisiti / satui de pescuit si inot, nu-i asa ?

to see to = a avea grija de, a se ocupa de

See to making some tea, will you ? = Vezi / ocupa-te sa faci niste ceai, te rog.

to succeed in a reusi sa

He succeeded in learning the poem by heart. = El a reusit sa invete poezia pe de rost.

to thank for a multumi pentru

Thank you for comming. = Multumesc ca ai venit.

to think of = a se gandi la

We are thinking of going on a trip. = Ne gandim sa mergem intr-o excursie.

1. Gerund prezent (The Present Gerund)

Gerund prezent (sau indefinit) este, cum s-a putut observa si in exemplele de mai sus, precedat :

a) fie de adjective posesive, ca in structurile :

my coming = venirea mea

my being late = intarzierea mea etc.

b) fie de unele substantive cu prepozitii :

He is known for his art of writing. = El este cunoscut pentru arta lui de a scrie.

Let me tell you about their surprise at seeing us! = Sa-ti povestesc despre surpriza lor la vederea noastra.

I know his interest in learning. = Ii cunosc interesul pentru invatatura.

I like the idea of building a house here. = Imi place ideea de a construi o casa aici.

Alte astfel de substantive cu prepozitii dupa care se poate folosi gerund-ul sunt:

the art of (living) = arta de a (trai)   astonishment at = uimire fata de

confidence in = incredere in dependence on = dependenta fata de

disappointment at = dezamagire la experience in = experienta in

fear of = teama de idea of = idee de a

interest in = interes fata de   risk of = riscul de a

mode of (living) = modul de a (trai) surprise at = surpriza la

Gerund-ul prezent se traduce fie prin gerunziu, fie printr-un substantiv, fie prin infinitiv sau conjunctiv.

I prefer watching football matches. = Eu prefer vizionarea meciurilor de fotbal.

He went on smoking and drinking coffee. = El a continuat sa fumeze si sa bea cafea.

Please excuse my saying so. = Te rog sa ma scuzi ca zic/spun asa.

Do you mind opening the window ? = Te/Va deranjeaza daca deschid fereastra ?

Did you mind my opening the window ? = Te-a/V-a deranjat ca am deschis fereastra ?

Do you enjoy dancing ? = Iti place mult sa dansezi ?

Willing and wishing are two different things, aren't they ? = A vrea/voi si a dori sunt doua lucruri diferite, nu-i asa ?

Any work needs correcting. = Oricare lucrare are nevoie sa fie corectata.

I like swimming not mountain climbing. = Imi place inotul nu alpinismul.

Some women hate fishing. = Unele femei detesta pescuitul.

2. Gerund perfect (The Perfect Gerund)

He does not remember having said such a thing. = El nu-si aminteste sa fi spus/zis asa ceva.

Do you remember having invited them there ? = Iti amintesti sa-i fi invitat pe ei acolo ?

Iata in continuare o lista de verbe dupa care se foloseste gerund-ul :

to admit = a admite, to allow/permit = a ingadui/permite, to anticipate = a anticipa, to attempt = a incerca, to advice = a sfatui, to avoid = a evita, can't bear = a nu putea suferi, to consider = a considera, to continue = a continua, to deny = a nega, to enjoy = a savura, to excuse = a scuza, to finish = a termina, to forgive = a ierta, to hate = a uri, to imagine = a imagina, to intend = a intentiona, to like = a-i placea, to love = a iubi, a-i fi drag, to mean = a insemna; a vrea sa spuna, to mind = a supara, to miss = a pierde; a-i fi dor de, to postpone  = a amana, to prefer = a prefera, to propose = a propune, to regret = a regreta, to remember = a-si aminti, to risk =a risca, to start = a porni, to stop = a opri, to suggest = a sugera, to try = a incerca, used to = obisnuia sa.

Tot gerund se mai foloseste dupa expresii ca :

it's no use = it's no good = n-are rost/sens sa

It's no use going now. = N-are rost sa mergem acum.

can't stand = a nu suferi/inghiti/suporta

I can't stand wasting time. = Nu pot suferi irosirea timpului.

can't help = a nu putea sa nu, a nu avea incotro

I can't help laughing when I see you making faces = Nu pot sa nu rad cand te vad strambandu-te.